How many symptoms are required for a diagnosis of Major Depressive Disorder?

A diagnosis of Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) requires the presence of at least five specific symptoms that significantly impair an individual's ability to function socially, occupationally, or in other vital areas of life. These symptoms must persist for a minimum duration of at least two weeks. The symptoms include both a depressed mood and a markedly diminished interest or pleasure in most activities, among various other potential signs like changes in weight, sleep disturbances, fatigue, feelings of worthlessness, or recurrent thoughts of death.

This particular criterion is intended to ensure appropriate diagnosis and treatment intervention, as an accurate understanding of the duration and number of symptoms helps distinguish MDD from other mood disorders or temporary feelings of sadness. Having a defined threshold, such as the need for five symptoms, establishes a clear clinical guideline for practitioners assessing mental health conditions.

Fewer symptoms or a shorter duration would not meet the established diagnostic criteria outlined in the DSM-5 and could lead to misdiagnosis, under-treatment, or mismanagement of the patient's care.