What can a sudden increase in blood pressure indicate in a patient over 55?

A sudden increase in blood pressure in a patient over the age of 55 is indicative of secondary hypertension. This form of hypertension arises due to an identifiable underlying condition, such as kidney disease, hormonal disorders, or certain medications. In older adults, particularly those over 55, the likelihood of secondary causes increases, as many age-related changes in the body can directly influence blood pressure regulation.

Recognizing secondary hypertension is crucial because it often requires specific treatment aimed at addressing the underlying cause, unlike primary hypertension, which typically develops gradually over time and is managed primarily through lifestyle changes and medication focused on blood pressure control itself. Therefore, when there is a sudden spike in blood pressure, it warrants further investigation to determine the specific cause, making secondary hypertension a more relevant diagnosis in this context.