What condition involves episodes of obsessive-compulsive disorder and/or tics following a streptococcal infection?

The correct answer pertains to the condition known as PANDAS, which stands for Pediatric Autoimmune Neuropsychiatric Disorders Associated with Streptococcal infections. PANDAS is characterized by the sudden onset of symptoms such as obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and/or tics that occur following a streptococcal infection, such as strep throat. The association is believed to stem from an autoimmune response where the body's immune system mistakenly attacks brain cells, leading to neuropsychiatric symptoms.

This condition manifests typically in children and is distinct because the symptoms appear abruptly after a childhood infection. Recognizing this syndrome is crucial for appropriate treatment. While the other options listed may involve neuropsychiatric symptoms, they do not have a direct association with post-streptococcal infections or the specific combination of symptoms like tics and OCD in such a focused manner as seen in PANDAS.