What does a positive HBcAb indicate?

A positive HBcAb (Hepatitis B core antibody) indicates previous infection with hepatitis B virus. When a person has been infected with hepatitis B, the immune system responds by producing antibodies. The presence of HBcAb suggests that the individual has been exposed to the virus at some point, as these antibodies typically appear after the body has fought off the virus, indicating that the infection is no longer active.

While a positive HBcAb does confirm that the individual had a previous infection, it does not differentiate between an acute infection that has resolved and a chronic infection. Therefore, it could also be present in someone who has recovered from a recent infection. However, in the context of more specific markers, such as HBsAg (which indicates active infection) or anti-HBs (which indicates immunity due to recovery or vaccination), a positive HBcAb is most accurately associated with a past infection rather than active disease or vaccination status.

Understanding these antibodies helps in clinical decision-making, including assessing the risk of transmission and the need for further liver health monitoring.