What is the appropriate treatment for patients exposed to chickenpox who are immunocompromised?

For patients who are immunocompromised and have been exposed to chickenpox, the appropriate treatment is Varicella Zoster Immune Globulin (VZIG). This treatment is a preparation of antibodies specifically designed to provide passive immunity to individuals who may be at risk of developing severe varicella (chickenpox) infection.

Immunocompromised individuals, such as those with conditions like leukemia, HIV/AIDS, or who are undergoing immunosuppressive therapy, have a higher risk of severe complications from chickenpox, which can be life-threatening. VZIG should be administered soon after exposure to the varicella virus, ideally within 96 hours, to provide protection and reduce the severity of the disease.

Acyclovir, while effective in treating varicella in general, is not the first line of preventive treatment after exposure to the virus in immunocompromised patients. Corticosteroids are not recommended as they can further suppress immune function and potentially worsen the outcome. Observation alone does not offer any preventive measures or treatment and may not be adequate for those at high risk due to their immunocompromised status. Thus, VZIG is the most effective option for these patients following exposure.