What is the significant complication that can result from herpes neonatorum?

Herpes neonatorum, also known as neonatal herpes simplex virus infection, is particularly serious and can lead to severe complications. One of the most significant complications associated with this condition is encephalitis. When a newborn is infected with the herpes simplex virus, it can affect the central nervous system, resulting in herpes simplex encephalitis. This condition is characterized by inflammation of the brain and can lead to severe neurological deficits, seizures, and even death if not promptly diagnosed and treated.

Neonatal herpes can be a devastating illness, especially since newborns have immature immune systems and are less capable of fighting off infections. Early recognition and treatment are crucial, as encephalitis due to herpes simplex virus can manifest as altered mental status, irritability, feeding difficulties, and seizures in the infant. Immediate medical intervention can be the key to improving outcomes in affected infants.

While other complications like deafness, pneumonia, and sepsis can also occur in association with infections in neonates, encephalitis is specifically recognized as a major and critical risk in cases of herpes neonatorum due to its severe impact on the infant's brain function and overall prognosis.