What laboratory findings are typical for Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia (CML)?

Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia (CML) is characterized by an increase in white blood cell (WBC) count, often significantly elevated, due to the proliferation of myeloid cells. One of the hallmark findings in CML is not just the elevation of WBCs, but also the presence of increased platelet counts in many cases. This dual elevation can be attributed to the underlying myeloproliferative nature of the disease, where the body produces excessive amounts of both white blood cells and platelets.

In the context of CML, the WBCs usually consist of a range of different types, often including immature forms of myeloid cells, which can be identified through a blood smear. It is important to note that while hemoglobin levels may vary, it is common for patients to exhibit a low hemoglobin concentration if the disease is advanced or if there is associated anemia, but the defining feature is the elevated white blood cells and the potential for thrombocytosis (elevated platelet count).

Other laboratory findings that support the diagnosis of CML include the presence of the Philadelphia chromosome or BCR-ABL fusion gene indicated by molecular tests. These findings further differentiate CML from other types of leukemias and myel