Which complication can occur due to cervical incompetence?

Cervical incompetence is a condition where the cervix cannot remain closed during pregnancy, which can lead to significant complications. One of the primary complications associated with cervical incompetence is second trimester miscarriages. This occurs because the weakened cervix may begin to dilate and efface prematurely, often without any painful contractions, leading to the loss of the pregnancy.

In pregnancies complicated by cervical incompetence, the risk of miscarriages increases, especially in the second trimester when the pregnancy's structural integrity is especially reliant on a fully functional cervix. The lack of cervical support can result in the fetus being unable to remain in the uterus, ultimately leading to loss. Therefore, identifying cervical incompetence early and managing it appropriately, such as with cervical cerclage (a stitch placed to support the cervix), is crucial in preventing these adverse outcomes.

The other options listed, while relevant to pregnancy, do not directly arise from cervical incompetence or do not have a direct relationship with the condition. Multiple pregnancies and placenta previa are separate obstetric issues that involve different risk factors and mechanisms, and hyperemesis gravidarum is a severe form of nausea and vomiting in pregnancy not caused by cervical issues.