Which demographic is most commonly affected by G6PD deficiency?

G6PD deficiency, or glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency, is an inherited condition that primarily affects red blood cells. The demographic most commonly affected by this deficiency is individuals of Mediterranean descent. This condition is particularly prevalent among populations living in areas like southern Europe, the Middle East, and parts of Africa.

The reason for this higher prevalence in Mediterranean populations is believed to be tied to historical selective pressures, such as malaria. Individuals with G6PD deficiency have a degree of protection against malaria, making this trait more common in regions where malaria was endemic. This has led to an increased frequency of the G6PD gene mutation in these populations over generations.

While G6PD deficiency can affect individuals from various ethnic backgrounds, the likelihood and severity of the condition are significantly higher in those of Mediterranean descent compared to other groups. This understanding helps in tailoring care and preventive strategies in populations at higher risk.