Which patient population is most commonly associated with idiopathic intracranial hypertension?

Idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH), also known as pseudotumor cerebri, is most commonly observed in obese young females, particularly those who are taking oral contraceptives. This condition is characterized by increased intracranial pressure without an identifiable cause, and its prevalence has been strongly linked to obesity and hormonal factors.

The high association with young females, especially those using oral contraceptives, relates to the overall demographic statistics and clinical observations. Women are significantly more likely than men to develop IIH, with the ratio being as high as 6:1 in certain studies. The impact of weight is critical, as obesity is a major risk factor; the condition is frequently seen in individuals with a body mass index (BMI) over 30.

Other populations do exist, such as middle-aged females and children, but they are less commonly affected when compared to the demographic of obese young females. Middle-aged females, while they can develop IIH, typically present with different etiologies for intracranial hypertension. Children under 10 can experience IIH, but this is relatively rare compared to the aforementioned population. Obese young males, while also at risk, do not have the same level of association as obese young females.

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