Which viral pathogen is most commonly associated with bronchiolitis in infants?

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the most commonly identified viral pathogen responsible for bronchiolitis in infants. This condition, characterized by inflammation of the small airways (bronchioles) in the lungs, primarily affects younger children, particularly those under two years of age. RSV is associated with seasonal outbreaks and is the leading cause of lower respiratory tract infections in infants, often resulting in hospitalization.

The unique features of RSV make it particularly virulent in this population; it can lead to significant respiratory distress due to its effectiveness in causing airway obstruction and inflammation. The virus spreads easily among infants, particularly in crowded settings, which contributes to its prevalence as the primary cause of bronchiolitis.

Other viruses like adenovirus, influenza virus, and rhinovirus can also cause respiratory infections, but they are not as closely linked to bronchiolitis specifically in infants as RSV. This distinction is important for understanding the epidemiology and clinical management of respiratory illnesses in young children. Recognizing the dominant role of RSV helps healthcare providers prioritize prevention, diagnosis, and treatment strategies during the RSV season.